Cancer and Technology Essay

Over the years, technology has evolved and given us many advantages such as the breakthroughs in medical science, transportation, and the internet. Imagine your life without all of these benefits. Technology has forever changes our lives and given us new ways to see life. Can you imagine where we would be now without it? During the last 30 years medicine has reached new frontiers and many new breakthroughs that benefit the public on regular bases. Now what were once unknown diseases that could not be treated such as cancer are now able to be treated. In consequence of technology evolving and becoming more high tech, machines that allow chemo therapy and radiation are available. I am very grateful for this breakthrough in science because my grandfather had cancer and because of radiation the cancerous cells were killed and now he is able to live a long and healthy life in the sun. Another benefit that technology had given us in science is beneficial to deaf people. Hundreds of years ago these disabled people had no hope of recovering any hearing, but now there are hearing aids, and surgeries that replace impaired parts of the ear. Surgeries now are available to anyone at any time, we might take this a common action now but a hundred years ago surgeries were dangerous and done raw without any sedatives. Technology has also brought us one of the most life altering deices, The World Wide Web. The internet has, one could say, taken over our lives in practically every way. It is the number one way to require quick information which helps students, teachers, and anyone trying to gain information all by a click of a button. The internet has shown very useful when encountering natural disasters. For example during hurricane Sandy the cell phone lines where always busy or the connection was lost, so the most reliable way to communicate was through the internet via Facebook, Email, and Twitter. Another way technology has amazed me is through video chat. Instead of having to travel to see your family, you are able to see them face to face and for a brief moment you might think that they are actually there with you in the room. Another remarkable way technology has greatly impacted the world is through travel. Hundreds of years ago it was would take weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean and now thanks to technology and planes it only takes 6 hours to cross the ocean. The concept of flying and being able to be in one country one day and in another the next still astounds me to this day. Technology also gave us buses and trains. These modes of transportation also have greatly impacted our society today. Many people rely on buses to get to and from work. Another mode of transportation that technology has created is the spaceship which has allowed us to explore different planets and given us a better understanding of the world around us. Technology seems to have completely taken over our lives. It has given us so many advantages from medical breakthroughs, and the internet, to transportation in this world and to other ones. This one discovery has impacted our lives forever and we can only imagine what other great ideas can come from it, and how it will affect our lives once more.

The Historical Relevance of Masculine and Feminine Spaces Within the Home

This essay will analyze the historical relevancy of the thought of masculine and feminine infinites within the place and whether these thoughts are still evident in a 21stcentury South African context. This analysis will be done by utilizing the ideals placed on the Victorian Household and the psychological gender of the infinites, through looking into cardinal infinites within the De Villiers household place and how the design intercessions used in their place are relevant or irrelevant to the thought of masculine and feminine infinites. Through looking at both Public and Private Spaces within the house this extent will be analysed. The Victorian epoch is an epoch that has held a batch of symbolism to our current civilization. It has been the cause of some great argument about the gender functions on work forces and adult females for centuries ( Forty 1986: 110 ) . The Victorian epoch held the strongest grounds for inquiries to be asked about the house and what went on in doors ( Forty 1986: 109 ) . Our current society still lives by some of the regulations that were placed into the place environment, though a few functions may be reversed or neutralised. When looking at the cardinal civilization of the Victorian epoch the individual has to analyze the in-between category to upper category families that held more than three suites and had suites that were gender orientated ( Forty 1986: 106 ) . â€Å"As domestic environments have come to be regarded as marks of the residents ‘ characters, people have gone to great lengths to show a satisfactory history of themselves.† ( Forty 1986: 106 ) As people we base a big sum of what we think of a individual or household on their life conditions and therefore we project the coveted sentiment that we want from others onto our ain life infinites, to be perceived in a certain manner. This was a outlook that was seen in the Victorian epoch as good and predicted the hereafter of you and you relatives ( Forty 1986: 102 ) . The Home was seen as a category symbol that would project the wealth and position of the household that lived within ( Forty 1986: 101 ) . This was an of import portion of cognizing who to socialize with and what their personal worth would be to you. Sexs can merely be adequately evaluated in relation to their broader cultural contexts ( Smyth 1992:20 ) . This can find if one or both spouses in a heterosexual relationship tend to be either more feminine or masculine in the relationship. Cavallaro ( 2001:115 ) provinces that: â€Å"Anti-essentialists do non deny that work forces and adult females are biologically and anatomically different. However, they argue that maleness and muliebrity are non dateless worlds grounded in natural Torahs but really cultural constructs that change significantly through clip and space.† The sex of the individual does non impact the gender function that they have. How that will impact the relationship within the place in footings of the interior manner harmonizing to the gender function that is more prevailing. The De Villiers household place is a family that is normally found in South African, a mix of Afrikaans plaas and English City outlook ( De Villiers 2015 ) . The female parent was brought up in Johannesburg and the male parent on a farm in Nelspruit ( De Villiers 2015 ) . The family consists of the female parent, Debbi and the male parent, Lewis with their three boies over 21 life with them ( De Villiers 2015 ) . The household has a love for hosting friends and household in their infinites, this has made some design picks important in the house ( De Villiers 2015 ) . Debbi Studied to be a grade 5 instructor, but after holding her first boy chose to raise their kids as a stay at place Mother ( De Villiers 2015 ) . At this phase the male parent had a large portion in the design picks and certain things like flowered forms and coloring materials were non allowed to play a function in the communal infinites ( De Villiers 2015 ) . Debbi decided to make her ain drapes for the house and thi s shortly after became a concern that was conveying in more money than the building Job that Lewis had ( De Villiers 2015 ) . They shortly started to work together and this is when the alteration in the house happened and the opportunity for Debbi to convey Hints of florals into the house ( De Villiers 2015 ) . The house is over 85 old ages old and was renovated eleven old ages ago to modernize some of the characteristic and add to some of the infinites in the house ( De Villiers 2015 ) . The household hosts a big aggregation of familial old-timers that have been reupholstered to accommodate the manner of the house ( De Villiers 2015 ) . The mix between modern-day and old signifier a balance in this impersonal coloring material strategy place. The latest room to be redecorated was the telecasting room in February 2015 ( De Villiers 2015 ) . The outside is a common South African face brick outside. In the Victorian clip the work forces had sphere over what the outside of the house was to be this was because the exterior universe was a man’s universe ( Forty 1986: 104 ) . A masculine outside was seen every bit superior as it improved the power position of the household that lived within the house, if the outside was more feminine the house was seen as surrounding on a infantile look ( Ehrnberger, Rasanen & A ; Ilstedt 2012: 89 ) . The outside of the De Villiers house is masculine but the garden softens the exterior and makes the overall visual aspect more impersonal. As one enter the house you walk onto a raised platform that forms the transition to the private countries of the house and the public countries, this can be seen on the diagrammatic in Figure 1. The entryway looks into the unfastened program Formal life room ( Figure 1 and 2 ) . This room would be the equivalent to the music room and pulling room in a Victorian family. The infinite is divided into three defined sections: the first a Lounge country that is symmetrical with Colour doing the infinite asymmetrical, seen in figure 2 ; a seating country of two wingback chairs that has a tabular array with household images and other memorabilia, seen in Figure 2 ; and a Music country that has the piano and a music base, the piano has memorabilia on top of it, seen in Figure 2. The soft trappingss are in a bulk impersonal roof of the mouth with ruddy shock absorbers and pale blues or florals ( Figure 2 & A ; 3 ) being brought through, this a feminine manner of adorning the infinite ( Kinchin 1996: 13 ) . The dark forests of all the difficult furniture is a masculine trait ( Kinchin 1996: 13 ) . â€Å"Boundaries between interior mind and outward aesthetic look were turning of all time more indistinct† ( Sidlavskas 1996:70 ) . The overall design of the room is more feminine with the Photographs and shows of workss and embroideries throughout the infinite, these embroideries of the room can be seen as a nostalgic component of a more feminine nature of retrieving things from the yesteryear ( Morley 2002: 58 ) . The following infinite is the formal dining room that is off the kitchen and Formal life room, as can be seen in Figure 1. Figure 4 shows the full infinite of the dining room. Chiefly done in dark trappingss with a few cosmetic points. The room is more masculine with a strong contrast to the Formal life room. The Fire topographic point has a feminine expression to it and has been in the house since it was originally built. The furniture is all repurposed household old-timers. The images on the walls are prints and picture of work forces. These elements make the room more masculine and as it is more purpose decorated, therefore it has a more serious feel to it. This infinite is non a common used infinite and is kept for particular occasions where in the Victorian epoch it would hold been the most used room and the biggest position symbol in the house ( Kinchin 1996: 16 ) . This usage of the dining room would besides touch to the Victorian ideal of the stating ‘man of the Houseâ €™ and this would hence necessitate the infinite to come across more masculine to demo the ownership of the house unit. The outdoor terrace infinite that is off the dining room, seen in Figure 1, is a infinite used to observe household events. Morley ( 2002: 19 ) negotiations about the demand of the household to portion take in rites ( Birthdays, Easter and Christmas jubilations ) in certain countries of the house as a manner of demoing an â€Å"appearance of proper household relations† . This infinite in the De Villiers house is the Main terrace, which has been designed to be an amusement country. This country was added to the house ten old ages ago and has been used to observe a broad scope of events, every bit good as a favorite infinite to pass clip with one another. This infinite is a multi-purpose infinite that brings in the households love of nature into the infinite with the garden surrounding the infinite. This natural component is seen as a feminine side and with the swerving pendants and lighter colorss. the overall infinite has more of a feminine feel to the infinite. The Family Sitting room that is off the dining room, seen in Figure 1, is the most used infinite by the full household. Decorated in a Postmodern manner that is emotionally decorated ( Figure 6 ) and non functionally decorated, â€Å"stressing a alone and ‘daring’ combination of heterogenous furniture elements all favoured for their reliable single merits† ( Cieraad 1999: 9 ) . This infinite was redesigned in February and hence the gender function of the room has changed. All the dark wood trappingss have been limited and some painted white to give a softness to the difficult furniture. The walls have been repainted in a impersonal coloring material, while the coloring material blue has been brought in with florals and forms to equilibrate masculine and feminine in the room ( Figure 6 ) . The room that was predominately the son’s haven hence more masculine, has become a shared nervous infinite for the whole households use. The son’s sleeping rooms are each different and fit each of their personalities. The oldest son’s sleeping room ( figure 18 ) is bedroom 3. The color strategy is really similar to the remainder of the house with a more impersonal gender function. The in-between son’s sleeping room ( figure 15 and 16 ) is merely decorated with blues and a few points on his desk. The youngest boy ( figure 17 ) has the most points in his sleeping room and has a big about of memorabilia in the room. The color strategy is bluish and green. The male childs have masculine suites. â€Å"We must recognize that frequently place is ‘a contested sphere: an sphere where differing involvements struggle to specify their ain infinites within which to place and cultivate their identity’† stated by Ehrnberger ( Rasanen & A ; Ilstedt 2012: 57 ) . Each of the boies are seeking to happen their ain individuality in their single suites and therefore their suites are a contrast to th e overall manner of the house. The chief sleeping room suit that is off the chief passageway next to bedroom 1, seen in Figure 1, is the oasis in the house for the hubby and married woman. Figure 7 to 14 show the full suit. Each infinite has a different gender function and this shows who the infinite was designed more for the people populating within it. The sleeping room shown in figure 7, 8 and 9, is less ornamentally designed so the public infinites. The trappingss are in chiefly impersonal colorss with really small modeling on them. Each dark base has a different entreaty. There is a little terrace and seating country for the hubby and married woman to pass clip with each other in their shared infinite. The wife’s dark base ( figure 7 ) is round with a table fabric doing it softer, it has a works and a little lamp on the tabular array along with a few books and other points. Along with her dressing tabular array it marks her single infinite within the room. The husband’s nightstand ( figure 8 ) h as a pendant hanging over it, the base is made of a dark wood and has hemorrhoids of books on the base. The husband’s side of the bed is closest to his survey. â€Å"The surface of a room, the form of an object, its coloring material, can animate understanding or even antipathy†¦ objects become marks of a great figure of little actions† Paul Bourget ( Sidlauskas 1996:73 ) . The single infinites within the shared infinites are strongly defied unlike the remainder of the house. The suites off the sleeping room each have more masculine traits. The survey ( Figure 10 and 11 ) off the chief sleeping room is overruning with jumble and books. This infinite seems mussy but is a well-used infinite and is the husband’s chief infinite for himself in the house. The atrium off the infinite shows the demand for single infinite in the garden country for him every bit good. The bathroom seen in figure 13 and 14, shows a more masculine infinite with the usage of dark forests along the impersonal colors. There is really small ornament other than two pictures and a chair that has been placed in the infinite. The bathroom is more of a topographic point of map so emotion, doing the infinite more masculine ( Morley 2002: 57 ) . The De Villiers house was designed in a Gallic manner that would take one to believe that the muliebrity of that manner of design would be the most outstanding gender function within their house. This house shows that through the people the infinite is made a place and their personal gender functions, along with the functionality of each infinite determines the overall gender function of each infinite. Rothchild ( 1999: 11 ) negotiations about the alteration in ownership functions of the house due to the workplace going more feminine. This allows one to see that the household unit has a more balanced Gender function family due to Debbie and Lewis working together as co-owners of a concern, though Debbie now has a more design pick in the house. The private infinites applies to the person that spends the most sum of clip within that infinite. While the public infinite tend to be more masculine with feminine touches or elements being brought in to equilibrate the infinite. The outside o f this house does non hold an consequence on the overall gender function within the house. From my personal position, the De Villiers house tends to keep a more balanced sum of masculine and feminine gender infinites, though feminine elements outweigh the masculine elements in the public infinites. The overall design manner of the house stays consistent throughout the infinite.

Baz Luhrmanns Romeo And Juliet Review Film Studies Essay

Baz Luhrmanns Romeo And Juliet Review Film Studies Essay Baz Luhrmann brings a unique visual style to William Shakespeare’s renaissance tragedy â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†. Set in a modern Verona Beach, Luhrmann sets the assertive and trendy tone of his adaptation within a decaying Miami City. Within minutes, the opening TV prologue hurls us into the white-hot intensity of the two warring families, bombarding the audience with chaotic action scenes and passion. Constructing an edgy and dynamic environment, his brash interpretation uses rapid cuts and erratic zooming techniques to create a comic strip style sequence against the multicultural backdrop of the graffiti scattered streets of Verona. Though effective, the restlessness of the camera becomes confusing, slicing the action into short, sharp images that can mystify rather than illuminate. Such fervent action so soon into the film is dizzying and unexpected. Luhrmann attracts the audience with his lively cinema style, speeding up the action to hype up the confrontation and t he rivalry of the two families alongside an intense soundtrack of contemporary and popular music. As a contemporary film director, Luhrmann clearly values the younger audience who would usually only come into contact with Shakespeare in a school environment. This could explain the roaring energy of car engines and elaborate guns instead of horses and swords originally used in earlier productions. Encompassing the elegance of Shakespeare’s text, Luhrmann introduces the â€Å"star crossed lovers† in a tender exchange of affectionate eye contact across the shimmering light of an aquarium. The pair follow each other across the length of the glass in an enduring and delicately youthful and romantic moment, capturing the innocence of the fated pair. Luhrmann creates a sensual and glamorously romantic atmosphere whenever the lovers meet alone. The balcony and swimming pool scene in particular surrounds the pair in a glimmering sheen of water and light. Luhrmann’s use o f atmospheric lighting leaves the audience to swoon, drinking in the glow of the dreamy eyed couple as they exchange their most iconic and enduring dialogue. Though their love is prohibited by tradition, ego and prejudice in the society of Verona, Luhrmann exposes Shkespeare’s drama to a contemporary world without limits, modernising the play with radical scenes of drug use, drag queens and public brawls. A couple so concerned with the traditional morals of their families in a world of law breaking and promiscuity comes as a stark contrast which at times, is unconvincing. As the audience enjoy the rowdy and loose morality at the Capulet Ball, it is initially somewhat difficult to believe that two young people in love would not act upon their passionate attraction. However, the undeniable beauty of the couple’s love is infectious. As they lie in the church lit by thousands of candles, the beauty of Shakespeare’s romantic tale is undeniable in the soft, atmospheri c style with which Luhrmann combines light and opulent religious design to glamorize the tragic scene in which the love affair comes to an end. The language used in this film is lifted from the pages of Shakespeare’s text; which is surprising and pleasing as the dialogue fits seamlessly into the style of the film. Luhrmann has stripped the dialogue right down the necessities in order to sell to a commercial younger audience who may not understand the complexities of the original dialogue. The bare bones of the text are delivered confidently, notably by Friar Lawrence. Actor Pete Postlethwaite’s portrayal of the Friar as a new age herbalist gives the audience a glimpse of Shakespearean imagery and rhythm as he optimistically agrees to marry the pair in a bid to turn the â€Å"household’s rancour to pure love†. Similarly, Harold Perrineau’s portrayal of Mercutio adds an exotic and audacious tempo to the film. Perrineau portrays him as entrancing and compelling, emphasising Shakespeare’s skilfully witty character, which becomes most poignant during his speech before they are due at the house of Capulet. The volatile style in which he presents this famous speech builds from a jovial and bawdy exchange with Romeo at the steps of a run-down theatre, to an explosive and passionate conclusion. Delivered naturally, Luhrmann heightens suspense by climaxing the speech with a furiously bright light and sound of a single firework. The audience are brought to a peak of tension and anticipation, unsure where this volatile character will take them next.

Tenet Healthcare cooperation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Tenet Healthcare cooperation - Assignment Example Community Health Care, another for-profit healthcare giant, made the bid in an attempt to capitalize on what has been termed as â€Å"Obama’s overhaul† of hospitals and doctors, consolidating with Tenet HealthCare and becoming the largest for-profit health care association in America. Tenet, however, was not ready to give up so easily. They have instead inked a deal with Aetna, another health care giant, to continue to provide services to both Aetna commercial and Medicare Advantage customers. They have also rejected the bid made by Community Health Care, and taken the hard step of literally swallowing a ‘poison pill’, according to the Dallas Business Journal – filing paperwork to cover their incurred $2.0 million losses, and protect the rights of their stockholders, as well as trying to make sure those looking to take over do not succeed. Amid the overhaul of the nation’s health care system, and the eventual consolidation of health care companies, Tenet’s future looks uncertain. If it can continue to hold off bidding rivals, and turn some of its losses into profits, then it may yet succeed. But based on the research that I have uncovered, its future does not look strong. De La Merced, Michael J. (2010, December 29). Community Health Unveils $3.3 Billion Bid for Tenet. New York Times. Retrieved from http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2010/12/09/community-health-unveils-3-3-billion-bid-for-tenet/?ref=tenethealthcarecorporation. Panchuk, Kerry. (2011, January 10). Tenet: Latest to Swallow Poison Pill? Dallas Business Journal, Retrieved from

Diversity Management in Hospitality Management Case Study

Diversity Management in Hospitality Management - Case Study Example Hilton has always taken care of this issue which plays an important role in the functioning of the whole company. Matters like productivity, quality, co ordination and unity need to be given high preference in big firms because the workforce is multinational, includes people of different religions and castes. Even gender discrimination must be eradicated to achieve optimum performance of the company. At Hilton, the steps taken to manage their diverse workforce are commendable. Keeping in mind the sentiments, practices and beliefs of their people, all their policies and plans are accepted by its employees. In all sectors of the group be it promotion of brands, relationship with other organizations, all are under the principles made by the company. Though, in some regions of the world, managing diversity is tough, still Hilton has worked hard to maintain its policies. In the following scripts we will be discussing how Hilton manages diversity management. As suggested by Hofstede, culture is more often a source of divergence than of synergy, and cultural disparities can be both nuisance and disaster simultaneously (Hofstede, 2001). Hilton has a massive workforce that includes minorities and women. The need of diversity management comes when discrimination occurs. Companies in order to maintain standards or to optimise their fund utilization and profits do not care to manage the problems which in turn would help them yield more profits. Many issues related to caste, religion, and sex hinders the growth of an organisation. People of different religions have grudges against each others. People of middle class category don't want to work with poor employees. Women are regarded useful only until they are single. Once they get married social and family matters surround them, like pregnancy, kids and further social life. Hilton has to overcome all these problems. Hospitality sector of the UK does face many such problems. Even though major officials of the sector have tried their level best to manage diversity, no significant results have come out. Plans and strategies were to be framed and implemented in order to provide job equality and opportunities, but the attempts have failed and a mere number of organisations have taken this issue seriously. The surveys that were carried out gave unsatisfactory results. Few companies were not bothered, few said that we would look upon it in the future, and only a few agreed to take reformative steps. The problem is that large hotel groups do not understand how harmful this discrimination is to their sector. People due to their cultural or background tags are not given the opportunities they deserve. This way, the persons' name and his monetary condition is given worth, not his skill. Their

Treatment plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Treatment plan - Case Study Example It is important to consider what a good group counseling can assist Sarah to cope with the death of her father and learn the importance of having friends. Also, to learn the importance of socializing and talking out issues affecting her. Group counselling, in the case of Sarah, mainly intends to heal the new family structure after the loss of her father`s life, who seemed to have been very close to her. Therefore, it is up to the group to assist her to know that her mother is now there with her to assist her and talk to her. The group is set to assist her manage the crisis situations in her life. The intention of group counselling is finding solutions to problems that are existent through sharing with one another. Sarah has the potential of improving in a group setting to help her deal with the trauma of losing her father, and also, assist with her other trauma-based problems like improving her personal communication and social skills. The advantages of group counselling for Sarah are fundamental for improving her social skills. Sarah has an awkward relationship with her friends because she withdraws from communicating with them, as well as a non-existent communication with her mother, and also, learning new ways from the members of the counselling group that assist her in coping with her acting out and fits of anger (Prout & Brown 2007). Sarah can benefit from group counselling as she is bound to realize that she is not alone. Group counselling is a great eye opener for Sarah to realize that there are others like her who experience the same problems as she is, and hence, develop a sense of understanding and coping with the problems. Group counselling gives the participant a better understanding and a wider perspective of the problem. The disadvantages in group counselling do not have effective leadership for the clients that are debilitating to the group members. It can result to

Supreme Court Cases in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supreme Court Cases in Education - Essay Example Linda Carol Brown was an eight year old girl who was denied the privilege of attending the Sumner Elementary School, because she was black. Linda Brown had to walk six blocks, over a switch track, just to catch a bus, although the Sumner Elementary School was a mere seven blocks away. Her father, Reverend Oliver Brown, was a well respected Christian minister. He peacefully approached the principal of the all-white school and calmly asked if his daughter could attend. Linda Brown and her father were immediately denied the right to attend the school. At this point, Reverend Brown sought the assistance of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (Dudley, 2004). The NAACP was an organization that was born in 1909. Its goal was to grant all minorities the rights of equal voting, schooling, and housing. It pounced on the opportunity to have a legal battle with the white dominated public schools of America. For years, the NAACP had attempted to stop this sinister way of life through court cases. Until Brown v. Board, the many attempts had proved unsuccessful. The head of the NAACP, Thurgood Marshall, figured that with Linda Carol Brown, they had the greatest possible chance of winning the court case and upsetting the former case, Plessy v. Ferguson. On February 28, 1951, Linda Brown, her father and the NAACP filed their lawsuit against the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (Barlow, 2004). A grand jury decided to hear their case but their plea for the overturning of Plessy .v. Ferguson was quickly dismissed. Since the case was being held in Kansas, a southern state, the jury was mostly composed of white male, landowners who still believed that African Americans were inferior humans. This was the reason that the court decided to reject the proposed idea of integrated school districts. Because of appeals, the case kept advancing from court to court,

The Great Migration and The Harlem Renaissance Research Paper

The Great Migration and The Harlem Renaissance - Research Paper Example The Southern agricultural economy meant that African American farmers had to borrow from wealthy white men in order to sow and harvest. The accruing interest made it impossible for the black man to fully enjoy the toils of his hard work. Other African Americans who worked as farmhands were paid just enough to afford them through every day without a sustainable future. The rural South offered little other choices for the African Americans who were poorly educated, socially ostracized and stuck in a vicious cycle of poverty. Education remained a distant dream for the African Americans in the South given the cost of education. The only real choice left for millions of African Americans in the South was to emigrate to the North. The North offered better employment opportunities in factories and services based businesses. In addition, the African Americans in the North were offered better opportunities for education and, hence, a means of social mobility. Greater social respect also playe d its part in convincing millions of African Americans to emigrate to the North. The First World War also played an important role in forcing millions of African Americans to the doors of factories. The onset of the war had meant that labor was in short supply in the Northern urban centers. In order to replenish labor supplies, African Americans from the South moved to industrial centers such as Detroit where they were in large demand. The oppressive Jim Crow regime in the South along with the Ku Klax Klan’s exploits also forced a large number of African Americans to find better social living conditions. The wave of emigration from the rural South to the urban North began in the early twentieth century and persisted well into the third quarter of the twentieth century. The migration of African Americans by the millions into the cities is better known as the Great Migration. The first wave of the Great Migration forced some 1.6 million African Americans to move from the rural South to the more urbanized areas. This wave can be traced from the 1910s to the 1930s where the African Americans moved to the urban centers in the North and the mid-West (Arnesen 15). As a consequence of the Great Migration, the outlook of major urban centers in the United States began to change. The influx of new industrial workers in industrial urban centers meant that the composition of industrial workers began to change. Housing became a large problem since the new workers did not have a purpose to built housing facilities. The new emigrants were confined to their own territories such as the Bronx in New York. The social exclusivity of the neighborhoods in these urban centers provided rich grounds for a new cultural transformation. This move was catalyzed by the onset of education in these new neighborhoods. The new wave of immigrants provided the human resources as well as the audience required for a new cultural infusion (Andrews, Foster and Harris 103).  

How the Norman Conquest Affected England and English Essay

How the Norman Conquest Affected England and English Literature--causes, impact, and result - Essay Example Immediately following the Norman Conquest, the religious orthodoxy of England faced a serious threat to their material possessions, as the new rulers ordered despoliation of church treasures, imposition of punitive gelds and taxes, introduced new mandates of knight service, and lay magnates seizure of the estates belonging to churches if they were strong enough to do so. In addition to such strictures, the autonomy and authority of monasteries were undermined, as bishops were bestowed with powers to annex a wealthy monastery. Further, â€Å"the establishment of an Episcopal see in an abbey threatened not only the wealth of the community, which had to be divided to provide for the bishop and his familia, but also the independence and the status of its head, and it is not surprising that communities so threatened resisted vigorously. Tension between religious houses and bishops is a dominant theme in post-Conquest ecclesiastical histories†. (Jane Dick Zatta, 2005, p.306) Older historical accounts of medieval England presented a rather simplistic picture. The authors of these accounts do not venture beyond stating the obvious political and cultural transformations of the period. But as the methods of research got more advanced alongside developments in such fields as archaeology and anthropology, revisionist histories and subaltern studies have given new perspectives into English past. As a consequence, such popular interpretations of medieval English history as recorded by the great nineteenth century historian William Stubbs are being revised and rewritten. In Stubbs’ works, for instance, the introduction of French feudalism to England is given a sympathetic treatment. But for contemporary historians, feudalism is a purely exploitative enterprise devoid of civil merits. Similarly, the Magna Carta and the Parliament of the thirteenth century England have now come to be seen

Inherit the Wind Essay Example for Free

Inherit the Wind Essay Inherit the Wind, a play written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, was first produced as regional theater in 1955. It is based on an actual trial held in Tennessee over 30 years earlier. The central theme of the play is not religion versus Darwinism. The character Henry Drummond tells the audience the theme when he says that the right to think is on trial. Religion is a metaphor and the motifs come to reveal how and why the right to think is being tried. Drummond makes his case convincingly in several ways. This paper will recount some of the arguments bolstering his thesis. The idea that religion has the right to quash any science which seems to contradict its teachings goes back well over a thousand years. Some of the greatest scientific minds ever known were arrested, prosecuted and murdered in the name of religion. The citizens of this country have not only freedom of religion, but also a tacit freedom from religion. This play examines whether it is constitutional to ban the teaching of science in opposition to biblical canon. In a broader perspective, however, the play, deviating from reality, is a metaphor for all forms of thought crime, such as was prevalent during the period when the play was first performed. The character of the prosecutor, Matthew Harrison Brady, a fundamentalist, relies primarily on the bible, calling it the revealed word. The entire prosecution is based on proving the defendant, Bertram Cates, is a non-believer. This argument is specious on so many levels that constraints of this paper do not permit full rebuttal. The defense argument runs that religion is little more than unproven superstition, calling it an old wives’ tale. The defense made its case more convincingly. Religion is about turning untested belief into absolute fact through the passage of time. American citizens should always have the right to think. To ban science for religion’s sake is ultimately ignorance. References Lawrence, J. and Lee, R. Inherit the Wind NAME OF THE BOOK IT’S IN Ed. (Name of editor) City where published: publisher, date published

Analysing Fire Regulation In Malaysia Engineering Essay

Analysing Fire Regulation In Malaysia Engineering Essay In Malaysia, Fire Rescue Department or popularly known as Bomba is the fire and rescue services agency. The fire safety standards must be implemented by following the regulations in the Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL) 1984, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Codes and Standards and Fire Services Act 1988. 2.1.1 Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL) 1984 Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL) 1984 is a published document, which is used as a required safety standard and also is emphasized by the government. The Standing Committee recommended that life safety of the building occupants must be considered first and it is to be achieved by giving the minimum requirement regarding to the various aspects. The various aspects refer to egress for the occupants, spread of fire within the building or from one building to another one building and means of detection and extinguishing of fires. In UBBL 1984, 80 percent emphasized on life safety requirement and 20 percent are remaining on the property protection of a building (Goh, 2009). Besides, the basic requirements of the UBBL are adequate fire protection materials and construction system to make sure the safety of the life and property in the building during the fire. Furthermore, UBBL 1984 also stated some fire requirements regarding the construction design in order to minimize and decrease the risk of fire. Automatic fire sprinkler system is mentioned in Uniform Building By-Law 1984 at Part VIII (Fire Alarm, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment and Fire Fighting Access). 2.1.2 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) National Fire Protection Association is an international non-profit organization which is authorized on fire, electrical and building safety. The NFPA was established in 1896 and it serves as the worlds leading advocate in fire prevention and is an authoritative source for information on fire safety (Tharmarajan, 2007). Besides that, NFPA develops, publishes, and disseminates about 300 consensus codes and standards which intended to minimize the effects of fire and other risk. Actually for every building, process, service, design, and installation in society today is already affected by NFPA documents (National Fire Protection Association, 2009). Automatic fire sprinkler is mentioned in NFPA 13 (Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems), NFPA 25 (Standard for the Inspection, Testing, Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection System) 2.1.3 Fire Services Act 1988 The Fire Services Act 1988 is implemented to make necessary provision for the effective and efficient functioning of the fire Services Department. In addition, this act is also for the protection of person and property from fire risks and other purposes connected therewith. This Act most likely explains the duties of the Fire service Department, which consists of implementing fire prevention, fire safety inspection and fire hazard abatement, investigation and prosecution (Tharmarajan, 2007). 2.2 Types of fire sprinkler systems Fire sprinkler systems are the most important and successful of the fire fighting systems. There are five main types of fire sprinkler system which are wet pipe, dry pipe, pre-action, re-cycling and alternate wet and dry pipe. The three additional types of fire sprinkler system which are tail-end alternate, tail-end dry pipe and deluge. These three systems may be combined with wet pipe and/or alternate wet and dry pipe sprinkler system to form extensions. The type of sprinkler systems to be selected for the building will be depended on type of building and type of materials to be protected (Hassan, 1996). For example, a storage facility that stores highly flammable liquids will need a different sprinkler system from a shopping centre. 2.2.1 Wet pipe system Wet pipe systems are the most common fire sprinkler system that have been using in the building. This sprinkler system is suitable used in heated buildings where temperatures remain above 0 and there is no risk of the water in the sprinkler system freezing (Hassan, 1996). Water is constantly maintained within the distribution piping. When a fire produced the heat, it will cause the nearest sprinkler heads to open at their operating temperature. Water will immediately discharged onto the fire, at the same time the flow of water activates a hydraulically operated alarm bell outside the building and arrangements can also be made to alert the local Fire Brigade (Hassan, 1996). Figure 2.1 shows a typical wet sprinkler system where the water supply is taken directly from the water main. Figure 2.2 shows how the pipe connected the alarm valve to an alarm gong and turbine. The total number of sprinklers that connected to an installation will be different for light hazard, ordinary hazard and high hazard and, depending on the circumstances. Besides that, the number of sprinklers system fitted to each installation will vary over the range of 500 to 1000 (Hassan, 1996). When fire sprinkler systems installed in a high rise building, the difference in height between the lowest and the highest sprinkler in an installation must not be greater than 45 meters (Hassan, 1996). Distribution pipes are to be connected independently to the main rise pipe at the floor being served and no section shall extend to more than one floor, mean that each section being served by a separate main rise pipe. Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 2.2.1.1 Advantages of wet pipe sprinkler system Simplicity and reliability system Wet pipe sprinkler systems have the fewest number of components and require less installation time compare to other systems. Due to the systems simplicity, the system maintenance may not be performed as the desired frequency. The reliability of wet pipe sprinkler system is important since sprinklers may be used to standby for many years before they are needed (API Group, 2003). Financial saving The installation and maintenance expense for wet pipe sprinkler system are relative low (API Group, 2003). It is because wet pipe sprinkler systems require least amount of installation time and also less service time is required. Ease of modification The works to modify the wet pipe sprinkler system include shutting down the water supply, draining pipes and making alterations. After then, the following work is to pressure test the system and restore it. Additional work for detection and special control equipment is avoidable which may saves the time and cost (API Group, 2003). Shorter time to repair after fire Wet pipe sprinkler systems require the least amount of effort and time to restore after a fire (API Group, 2003). In most instances, fire sprinkler is reinstated by replacing the fused sprinklers and turning the water supply back on. For other types of sprinkler systems, it may require additional effort to reset control equipment. 2.2.1.2 Disadvantages of wet pipe sprinkler system The disadvantages of wet pipe sprinkler system are that it cannot be installed in an area where distribution pipes are exposed to freezing temperatures. It is because the water inside the distribution pipe will become solid if exposed to freezing temperatures. 2.2.2 Dry pipe system This system may only be used in the conditions that it is impossible to use a wet pipe system, or alternate wet and dry type system. Dry pipe sprinkler systems are installed in areas where distribution pipes are exposed to freezing temperatures. For example, dry pipe sprinkler systems will be installed at unheated buildings and parking garages. The system between dry pipe system and wet pipe system are different. The difference is that, wet pipe sprinkler systems contain water but dry pipe sprinkler systems contain compressed air. The compressed air is supplied by an electric air compressor, nitrogen bottles, or other source. In addition, the air pressure inside the pipes that is about one-third to one-half times greater than the maximum water pressure. Dry pipe sprinkler systems have a valve clapper and alarm port. The function of dry pipe valve clapper is to separate between air pressure and water pressure at the valve interface. When a fire starts, fire release the heat causes a sprinkler head to open and the compressed air would be released. Once this happened, water will enter the pipe and flowing through open sprinkler onto the fire. Due to this system is liable to suffer frost damage, it is important that the pipe work should be self-draining and sprinkler heads must be fitted above the range pipes. The number of sprinkler fitted to each installation shall be within the range 125 to 500, and depends on whether or not an accelerator has been fitted to the system (Hassan, 1996). Figure 2.3 shows how sprinkler heads fitted above the range pipe. Figure 2.3(Sources from Hassan, 1996) 2.2.2.1 Advantages of dry pipe sprinkler system Suitable for freezing temperatures Dry pipe sprinkler systems are suitable to be installed in areas where distribution pipes are exposed to freezing temperatures. For example, dry pipe installations include unheated buildings and parking garages. Suitable for water sensitive areas The advantage of dry pipe sprinkler systems is that it is suitable to be used to protect collections and other water sensitive areas while the wet pipe system does not. While a physical damage on the wet pipe sprinkler systems will cause the pipes leaking, dry pipe sprinkler system will not. It will take 1 minute to release the air inside the pipes before water flowing. 2.2.2.2 Disadvantages of dry pipe sprinkler system Increased complexity According to API Group, dry pipe sprinkler systems require additional control equipment and air pressure supply components which will increase complexity of the systems. If proper maintenance is not followed for this sprinkler system, the system would be less reliable. Higher installation and maintenance cost The installation cost for dry pipe sprinkler system will be higher since the complexity level is higher and installation time is longer compare to wet pipe system. Besides that, the maintenance cost will also be higher due to labour skill is required to maintain this complex sprinkler systems. Lower design flexibility There are strict requirements regarding the maximum permitted size of individual dry pipe systems (API Group, 2003). These limitations may impact the ability of an owner to make system additions. Increased fire response time The total time taken from sprinkler head opens until water is discharged onto the fire is up to 60 seconds (API Group, 2003). The fire extinguishing actions will be delay for 60 seconds and caused the fire damage to the building increase. Increased corrosion potential Dry pipe sprinkler systems must be completely drained and dried. If there is water remaining inside the pipe, it will cause corrosion and premature failure. This kind of problem will not happen on wet pipe system because the water is constantly maintained in piping. 2.2.3 Pre-action system Pre-action sprinkler systems are installed in water sensitive environments such as computer rooms, library and paper records office. When in an actual fire condition, these systems will operate to save the building and its components from fire damage. It will give earliest warning if detected of combustion in the protected areas and which will arise from the action of a smoke detector. This will gives enough time for the outbreak to be dealt with satisfactorily by using portable extinguishers. The pre-action system is similar to a dry pipe system and deluge system. The difference between pre-action system and dry pipe system is that the air pressure may or may not be used for pre-action system. The difference between pre-action system and deluge system is that the valve is electronically held closed and standard closed are used for pre-action system. Two separate events must be presented to initiate sprinkler discharge onto the fire. Firstly, the detection system identifies a developing fire and then automatically sprinkler system would open the pre-action valve. When the pre-action valve is opened, it allows water to flow into system piping. Secondly, each of the sprinkler heads will verify whether there is fire then only permit water flow onto the fire. This system must be self-draining. For pre-action sprinkler system installation, the maximum numbers of sprinklers that may be fitted to an installation for light hazard is about 500, ordinary hazard and high hazard is about 1000 (Hassan, 1996). 2.2.3.1 Advantages of pre-action sprinkler system The dual action required water release The dual action here means that the pre-action valve must operate and sprinkler head must fuse then only water release (API Group, 2003). This feature provides double level of protection against inadvertent discharge. With this reason, pre-action sprinkler systems are frequently installed in water sensitive areas such as book libraries, computer centers and etc. 2.2.3.2 Disadvantages of pre-action sprinkler system Higher installation and maintenance cost Pre-action sprinkler systems are more complex with several additional components, such as fire detection system. Thus the installation and maintenance cost will become higher due to the additions system required. Modification difficulties Pre-action sprinkler systems have specific size limitations which may affect future system modifications (API Group, 2003). Besides that, system modifications must incorporate changes to the fire detection and control system to ensure proper operation. Potential decreased reliability The higher level of complexity with pre-action sprinkler systems the higher possibility that something may not work when needed. Regular maintenance is needed to ensure reliability. 2.2.4 Alternate wet and dry pipe system This system is used for those developments in which the water in the pipes may freeze when change in the climate and where the surrounding temperature does not exceed 70. For example, the system is operated dry in winter and wet in the summer. The system inside the pipes will be changes by following the climate, when it is dry pipe system then the pipes contain compressed air, and when it is changes to wet pipe system then the pipes are filled with water. In some cases, this system may require a duplication of the automatic alarm valves, which may be connected in parallel. The benefit of the automatic alarm valves is to facilities an easy changeover at the turn of the season. Besides that, the system must be self-draining and the number of sprinkler fitted to each installation shall be within the range 125 to 500 (Hassan, 1996). 2.2.5 Recycling system The use of this system is generally restricted to situation where it is necessary: To limit water damage after a conflagration; To prevent inadvertent water damage caused by any accident mechanical interference with the pipe work or sprinklers; and To be able to carry out work on the installation while ensuring that the system remains in a state of readiness at all times. When pre-action valve turn to open mean than the operation of any heat detector activates the alarm driven gong and primes the pipe work ready for the imminent opening of one or more sprinklers. If the fire was put out by portable extinguishers immediately, the heat detectors automatically reset to the normal monitoring position. This has the effect of initiating a hydraulic pressure equalization process which may typically take 5 minutes to complete. After this has occurred, the pre-action valve will be from opened and turn to closed. If the fire begins to rekindle, the heat detectors will be reactivated and cause the pre-action valve again be opened. After then water will be directed discharge to the source of the fire. Others installations use electrical timing units and the use of electrically interlocking circuitry is installed to ensure that the system will not operate solely because of falling air pressure in the pipe work. With this system, any accidental damage to either the pipe work, or the sprinkler heads will not cause the main valve to open. The disadvantage is when operatives working on such an installation must take care that they isolate that part of the system on which they are working from the potentially active main system. The system must be self-draining and the number of sprinklers fitted to such an installation must not exceed 1000 (Hassan, 1996). 2.2.6 Deluge system Deluge sprinkler systems are installed in high hazard operations, such as power generating station, chemical storage, munitions plants, and the areas which store items such as flammable liquids. These sprinkler systems will work together with independent fire detection systems and discharge water immediately to the protected area during a fire. The deluge sprinkler system is similar to a pre-action system. The difference between deluge sprinkler system and pre-action system is that the deluge sprinkler heads are open and the pipe is not pressurized with air. Deluge systems are connected to a water supply through a deluge valve that is opened when smoke or heat detection system is activated. The detection system is installed in the same area as the sprinklers. When the detection system is activated, water will discharges through all of the sprinkler heads onto the fire. Water is not adequate to control or extinguishment fire in areas where flammable liquids are manufactured or stored. Water is require to mixed with the foam concentrate and cause the concentrate to expand when released through the sprinkler head, it may depriving the fire source of oxygen required to support combustion of flammable materials (Hassan, 1996). 2.2.7 Tail-end alternate pipe and tail-end dry pipe systems These systems may be regarded as an add-on system to a standard sprinkler installation and they are intended to deal with comparatively small areas. In a heated buildings will served by a conventional wet pipe system, it is possible that a small part of the building is either unheated or is overheated temperatures. In order to deal with this, it is permissible to join a tail-end alternate system onto the main wet pipe system. The number of sprinklers on any tail-end extension must not exceed 100. If it is more than two tail-end extensions are services by one valve set, the total number of sprinklers in the tail-end extension must not exceed 250 (Hassan, 1996). 2.3 Benefit of fire sprinkler system Automatic fire sprinkler systems have been used to protect industrial and commercial properties for more than 100 years. Nowadays, fire sprinklers are not only installed in commercial and industrial buildings but also installed in residential buildings, office buildings, schools and hotels. Fire sprinkler systems are become common and popular that is because it is provide many benefits to us. 2.3.1 Reduce fatalities It is difficult to estimate how much safer fire sprinklers could provide in the event of fire. Based on evidence from laboratory studies and limited field experience in the United States, the studies prove that fire sprinklers could save an additional 7.7 lives per million houses per year. In addition, the evidence also proves that fire sprinklers could reduce the risk of firefighter death and injury during put out a fire. It is estimated if all the buildings were installed with fire sprinklers, about 0.1 firefighter lives could be saved per million houses per year. Thus, the study concludes that fire sprinkler could save an additional 7.8 lives per million houses per year (Rousseau, 1989). 2.3.2 Reduce injuries Based on the United Stated research, the study proves that if installation of fire sprinkler in buildings could prevent about 87 people injuries per million houses each year. The amount of firefighting injuries could also be reduced through increased installation of sprinklers by as many as 30 firefighting injuries per million houses per year. Based on American Studies, the cost to remedial per injury to a civilian or firefighter is $30,000 (Rousseau, 1989). These costs are included to pay medical bills and allowance for pain and suffering. 2.3.3 Reduce Insurance Premiums Residential fire sprinkler systems are becoming more prevalent with each passing year. If the building installed with fire sprinkler systems, it will cause the additional 1 to 2 % increase in the final cost of the house (Snyder, 2008). Besides that, municipalities must account for the increase in residential system and ensure that they are being maintained in accordance with current National Fire Protection Association standards. After installed fire sprinkler systems, they will actually save money because they can reduce home insurance rates by 5 to 15 percent (Snyder, 2008). These values are expected to be increase in the future. In the event that there is a fire, they will also save money in potential damages. 2.3.4 Increase value of the building A building constructed with fire sprinkler system has more value than a building without a fire sprinkler system. It is because a building with a fire sprinkler system provides additional fire safety for the building and thus, the building worth more and the owner could gain more profit when selling the building. 2.3.5 Reduce property damage cost According to records for decades on property damage, the owner save about 90% on property damage costs with fire sprinkler systems than those without fire sprinkler systems when a fire is happened. This is clear that a fire sprinkler system will pay for itself many times over. According to Daniel Snyder article, the average cost of damages in homes with fire sprinkler systems was about $2,000 and the average cost of damages in homes without sprinkler systems was about $45,000. 2.3.6 More time to escape Fire sprinkler systems provide an additional degree of protection for both life and property above smoke and other fire detection systems. Sprinkler systems obviously help people by giving more time for them to escape when a fire is happening, so they help to save lives. A correctly designed and installed sprinkler system can detect and control a fire at an early stage of fire development and activate an alarm. So with the correct operation of the sprinkler system will rapidly reduce the production rate of heat and smoke, thus allowing more time for the occupants to escape safety or be rescued. 2.3.7 Increase exit access travel distance capacity An increase in exit access travel distances is a major distinct advantage for buildings with sprinkler system over buildings without sprinkler system. The exit access travel distance mean the distance from any occupied portion of a building to an exit. For example, the exit is such as enclosed stairway. Depending on the occupancy of the building, anywhere from an additional 50 to 100 feet of exit access travel distance can be gained when the building is installed with fire sprinkler system (International Building Codes, 2006). Table 2.1 show the maximum travel distance between building with sprinkler and without sprinkler for different types of buildings. SEVENTH SCHEDULE MAXIMUM TRAVEL DISTANCES (By-law 165 (4), 166 (2), 167 (1), 170 (b)) Purpose Group Limit when alternative exits are available (2) (3) Dead-End limit (metre) Un- sprinklered Sprinklered Small Residential Institutional Hospitals, Nursing Homes etc, School Open Plan Flexible Plan Other Residential Hotels Flats Dormitories Office Shops Factory General and Special Purpose High Hazard Open structure Places of Assembly Storage and General Low an Ordinary hazard High Hazard Parking Garages Aircraft Hangars (Ground Floor) Aircraft hangars (Mezzanine Floor) NR 9 6 NR NR 10 10 0 15 15 15 0 NR NR NR NR 15 NR NR NR 30 45 30 45 30 30 30 45 30 30 22 NR 45 NR 22.5 30 30 22.5 NR 45 60 45 60 45 45 45 60 45 45 22.5 NR 61 NR 30 45 45 22.5 Table 2.1 (Sources from Uniform Building By-Law 1984) 2.3.8 Increase Egress capacity For the occupancies buildings which are installed with fire sprinkler systems, except high-hazard and hospital, the means of egress components can be increased 50% for the staircase width and 33% for all other egress components such as corridors, doors, ramps (International Building Codes, 2006). For example, a 44 inch of exit staircase construct in a building which is without fire sprinkler systems only can serve 146 persons, but a same 44 inch of exit staircase construct in a building which is installed with fire sprinkler system can serve 220 persons. Besides that, 44 inch corridor construct with fire sprinkler system can serve 293 persons, without fire sprinkler system can serve 220 persons. 2.3.9 Reduce construction cost As previously mention, if the new building installed with fire sprinkler systems, it will cause the additional 1 to 2 % increase in the final cost of the house. They are not only can cut low the insurance premiums but also reduce in construction cost. This is because most building codes provide large construction leeway for sprinkler buildings. For example, fewer egresses are required and larger floor areas are allowed for the building with sprinkler systems installed. This feasible design will help owners and occupants to cut down the construction cost and material cost. Further more information about the advantages of fire sprinkler system relate to benefits of construction cost saving will be explain as below: 2.3.9.1 Reduction in shaft enclosures For building are not greater than 420 feet in height, the fire rating of vertical shaft such as HVAC, electrical, plumbing, trash/linen chutes, except exit enclosures and elevator hoist way enclosures, is permitted to be reduced to one hour where automatic sprinklers are installed within the shaft at the top and at alternate floor levels (International Building Codes, 2006). This can be a big cost saving in high-rise building construction. 2.3.9.2 Elimination of the access vestibule for smokeproof exit staircase enclosures For high-rise building, the exit staircases off the floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access are required to be smokeproof exit enclosures (IBC 1020.1.7). The access are to the staircase in a smokeproof exit enclosure is required to be form an open exterior balcony (IBC section 909.20.3) or a ventilated vestibule (IBC Section 909.20.4), with a width of not less than 72 inches (IBC Section 909.20.1). If the high rise building is installed with fire sprinkler systems, under IBC section 909.20.5 is allow to eliminate the open exterior balcony and /or the ventilated vestibule requirements. This alternative saves valuable space on each floor of the building and it can be converted into rental or sellable space for the building owner. This can be a big cost saving in high-rise building construction and also gain extra profit for building owner. 2.4 Problem of fire sprinkler system Fire sprinkler systems can be used to save lives, property and others benefit, whether they used in industrial buildings, offices, or home. But automatic fire sprinkler systems also present some unique technical problems. Fortunately, such problems can be avoided by knowing the most common reasons for fire sprinkler failure. From the National Fire Sprinkler Association report, the most common reasons for fire sprinkler failure that are error sprinkler activate, overheating, freezing, mechanical damage, corrosion, or leaking. 2.4.1 Problem regarding elements of fire sprinkler 2.4.1.1 Corrosion Corrosion or rust can weaken pipes and sprinkler heads. The severe corrosion problems have been commonly attributed to microbiologically influenced corrosion and known as MIC. This can result a sudden and unwelcome activation when a sprinkler pipe or head fails. The National Fire Protection Association states that building owners are responsible for replacing sprinkler components that are corroded or rusted. Corrosion of fire sprinkler piping can lead to potentially hazardous system malfunction, as well as costly water damage and repair costs. Unfortunately, inspections for MIC and corrosion are often overlooked until the problems become serious, such as damaging leaks occur or the corrosion extend to a large areas of the entire fire sprinkler system have to be replaced. This corrective maintenance approach is a retro-active strategy. The task of the maintenance team in this scenario is usually to effect repairs as soon as possible. Cost associated with corrective maintenance include repair, lost production and lost sales. Repair costs are included replacement components, labour, and consumables. Solution to corrosion of fire sprinkler A new proactive approach to fire sprinkler maintenance is available using completely non-invasive, ultrasonic technologies that from the basic of a predictive maintenance approach (Jeffrey, 2005). This approach provides a cost-effective means of detecting the presence and monitoring progression of corrosion and creating a digital record of the system state that can be used to schedule replacement of localized sections of the system before leaks or operation failure occur. 2.4.1.2 Mechanical damage Fire sprinkler systems depend on the integrity of all their parts. If a sprinkler head is hit or a pipe damaged, the parts can separate and the system cannot be activate when fire is present. A common problem with sprinkler heads is damage from nearby construction of forklifts that are raised too high, accidentally knocking off sprinkler heads. Besides that, installing automatic sprinklers can also result in damage to the system if improper tools or techniques are used (Russell and Fleming, 2000). Solution to mechanical damage Fire sprinkler system must always be inspected after the works have been completed by contractor or sprinkler supplier. Homeowner must ensure all elements of the sprinklers in proper manner and without damage. 2.4.2 Problem regarding installation of fire sprinkler 2.4.2.1 Freezing There are two major kinds of fire sprinkler systems which are wet pipe and dry pipe sprinkler systems. Normally wet pipe sprinkler systems are most common used to install in the build

Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay -- Kate Chopin Awakening Essays Pape

Kate Chopin's The Awakening In Kate Chopin's novel The Awakening, written approximately one hundred years ago, the protagonist Edna Pontellier's fate is resolved when she 'deliberately swims out to her death in the gulf'(Public Opinion, np). Her own suicide is indeed considered as a small, almost nonexistent victory by many, nevertheless there are those who consider her death anything but insignificant. Taking into consideration that 'her inability to articulate her feelings and analyze her situation [unattainable happiness] results in her act of suicide...'(Muirhead, np) portrays Edna as being incapable of achieving a release from her restricted womanhood as imposed by society. Others state that the final scene of the novel entirely symbolizes and realizes Edna's victory on a 'society that sees their [women's] primary value in their biological functions as wives and mothers?(Kate Chopin, np). In short, The Awakening is the tragic story of a woman who in a summer of her twenty-eighth year, found herself and struggled to do what she wanted to do; be happy. Although ?from wanting to, she did, with disastrous consequences?(Recent Novels 96). For those who wanted it to be a truly, and ironically, life achieving instead of life ending end, it was. But those who disagreed with Chopin?s choice ending found themselves losing some sleep over another magnificent author gone wrong (96). Various readers and reviewers alike found the ending to be sold short and unsatisfactory since it did not deliver the promise of a rewarding happy life to the protagonist who so valiantly endured her obstacles throughout the novel. Had she lived by Prof. William James? advice to do one thing a day one does not want to do [in Creole Society, two would perhaps be better], flirted less and looked after her children more, or even assisted at more accouchements- her chef d?auvre in self denial- we need not have been put to the unpleasantness of reading about her and the temptations she trumped up for herself. (96) Irony plays an inexplicable and majestic part in the conclusion of The Awakening. One can say with confidence that in a story a protagonist, or heroin in this case, is expected to fulfill a happily ever after ending not only from a repetitious guarantee but from the incisive determination by such character, whom through hardships, earned it. Edna Pontellier... ...ine. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.com Muirhead, Marion. ?Articulation And Artistry: A Conversational Analysis of The Awakening.? The Southern Literary Journal 33.1 (2000): n. pag. Online. Internet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/slj/33.1muirhead.html ?Kate Chopin.? Gale Group (1999): n. pag. Online. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.com/servlet/SRC ?Recent Novels: The Awakening.? The Nation Vol. LXIX, No. 1779 (3 Aug. 1899): 96 pp. Online. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRC Bogard, Carley R. ?The Awakening: A Refusal To Compromise.? The University of Michigan Papers in Women?s Studies U Vol. II, No. 3 (1977): pp. 15-31. Online. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRC Eichelberger, Clayton L. ?The Awakening: Overview.? Reference Guide to American Literature 3rd ed. (1994): n. pag. Online. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRC Eble, Kenneth. ?A Forgotten Novel: Kate Chopin?s The Awakening.? Western Humanities Review No. 3 (1956):pp. 261-69. Online. Galenet. 4 April 2001. Available FTP: www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRC

Difference Between General Perspectives :: essays research papers

What is the difference between the general perspectives? How does the work of Ritzer attempt to overcome this problem? Micro theories examine the processes of face-to-face contact among individuals and personal points-of-view in society; whereas, the macro theories deal with large-scale social events of society - meaning things that have public concern. The theories that are apart of the micro-level are symbolic interactionism, dramaturgy, ethnomethodology, and exchange theory. Symbolic interaction is an individual-based theory that uses constructed symbols, such as language and gestures, to which people give meaning in their everyday interactions. Dramaturgy, best stated by Goffman (1959), is what actors portray on a the theatrical stage is similar to the way people act in society. Ethnomethodology is basic common-sense used in for general situations in everyday life (Ritzer, 77). Exchange theory is a given relationship is found to be attractive whereas the rewards tend to outweigh punishment (Blau, 1964). Structural functionalism and conflict theory are two types of macro-theories. Structural functionalism (Perrucci, 1983) has three main ideas: 1) society is a system containing interdependent and interacting parts bound together in time and space, 2) shared values among members of the system are social â€Å"glue† that helps hold it together, 3) and systems have a need for stability and therefor attempt the parts working together harmoniously. Conflict theory is the belief that society contains basic inequalities in wealth, power, and prestige (Coser, 1967; Dahrendorf, 1959). Ritzer, like many other sociologists, wants to disintegrate the split between the micro and macro sociology. Ritzer attempts to do this by â€Å"adding on† to Gurvitch’s insights . Ritzer views the micro-macro issue, not by subjective-objective continuum, but the phenomena as subjective or objective; therefore, concluding that there are four major levels of analysis (See Table I) that are a product of dialectical interrelationships (Ritzer, 1996). Table I - Ritzer’s Major Levels of Social Analysis MACROSCOPIC I. Macro-objective Examples - society, law, bureaucracy, architecture, technology, and language  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   II. Macro-subjective Examples- culture, norms, and values III. Micro-objective Examples - patterns of behavior, action, and interaction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   IV. Micro-subjective Examples - perceptions, beliefs; the various facets of the social construction of reality MICROSCOPIC In row 1, the macro-objective, involves the large-scale basic standards and â€Å"material realities† (Ritzer, 359) by which the general populous abides by; whereas as the macro-subjective is the large-scale intangible ideals such as norms and values which shape our everyday lives. In row 2, the micro theories also have the objective and subjective consistencies but on a smaller scale.

Deon Sanders :: essays research papers

Deion Sanders is an American professional football and baseball player. He is one of the few athletes in history to succeed in two professional sports. Deion Luwynn Sanders was born on August 9, 1967 in Fort Meyers, Florida, where he grew up with his mother and stepfather. His parents got divorced when he was really young. Deion loved almost all sports and he was good at all of them. When he was 8 years old he started playing football and even though he was very young, he still was a star. He was even playing teams with kids older than him and still did very well. Another sport he played was baseball and he played that just as well as football. You might think that Deion didn’t have any religion in his past life, but he did. He grew up going to church with his mother. He has never drank or smoked. Since both of his fathers were addicted to those things, he made a commitment to stay away from that. One day he was with some friends in a car and they were smoking pot. He told them that he didn’t do that stuff and they left him alone. Throughout his high school years he played all different kinds of sports. He played football, baseball, basketball and ran track. He was one of the best in all those sports. When he played for his high school basketball team he was the leading scorer, and earned the name â€Å"Prime Time.† After his four years playing for his high school team, it was time to start looking for a college. Since he wanted his mother to come see him play, his first pick of colleges was Florida State. He had great careers in all the sports he played in. Before his senior year at Florida State University (FSU), the Yankees took him, so he played professional baseball while in college. While he was in college he decided he would stay away from cursing. So every time he cursed he would pay someone 5 bucks. In 1989 he was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the first round. In 1996 when he was playing for the Cowboys and Reds he felt miserable, he said, †After scoring touchdowns and dancing in the end zone, after a stadium full of cheering fans had finally gone home, I was still empty inside.† Nothing was making him happy, he tried money, women, and just about everything.

Conclusion To Financial Statement

ConclusionThis Project has been very useful to me because I learned how to prepare cash flow statements and ratio analysis. This has improved my knowledge on financial statements which is very useful in business and commerce ever day. The work I did in this project has helped me to understand the techniques, applications and usefulness of financial statements to understand the performance of a particular company or enterprise without much difficulty and also understand how to prepare them in future. I came to the following conclusion while preparing this project.Purposes of Financial AnalysisJudging The Earning Capacity On the basis of the financial analysis, the earning capacity of the business concern may be computed. In addition to this, the future earning capacity of the concern may also be forecasted. All the external users of accounts, specially the investors and potential investors are interested in this.Judging The Managerial EfficiencyThe financial statement analysis helps t o pinpoint the areas where in the managers have shown better efficiency and the areas of inefficiency. For example, using financial ratios, it is possible to analyze relative proportion of production, administrative and marketing expenses. Any favorable or unfavorable variations can be identified and reasons thereof can be ascertained to pinpoint managerial efficiency and deficiency Judging The Short-term & Long-term Efficiency Of The Enterprise On the basis of financial analysis, long-term as well as short-term solvency of the concern may be judged. Creditors or suppliers are interested to know the short-term solvency/liquidity of the concern i.e. ability to meet short-term liabilities. Debenture holders and lenders judge the ability of the company to pay the principal amount and interest on the basis of financial analysisInter-Firm ComparisonInter-firm comparison becomes easy with the help of financial analysis. It  helps in assessing own performance as well as that of others, i f merges and acquisitions are to be considered. Making Forecasts & Preparing BudgetsPast financial statement analysis helps a great deal in assessing developments in the future, especially the next year. For example, given a certain investment, it may be possible to forecast the next year’s profit on the basis of earning capacity shown in the past. Analysis thus helps in preparing the budgets.UnderstandableFinancial analysis helps the users of the financial statements to understand the complicated matter in simplified manner. Different date can be made more attractive by charts and diagrams which can be easily understoodUses of Financial StatementSecurity AnalysisIt is a process by which the investor comes to know whether the firm is fulfilling hi expectation with regard to payment of dividend, capital appreciation and security of money. Such analysis is done by a security analyst who is interested in cash-generating ability, dividend payout policy and the behavior of share p ricesCredit AnalysisSuch analysis is useful when a firm offers credit to a new customer or a dealer. The manager of the firm would like to know whether to extend credit to them or not. Such analysis is also useful for a bank before granting loan to the public.Debt AnalysisSuch analysis is done by the firm to know the borrowing capacity of a prospective borrower.Dividend DecisionFinancial analysis helps the firm in deciding about the rate of dividend. Management would have to decide about how much portion of earnings to distribute and how much to retain. Such decisions indicate the profitability of the firm and hence to some extent affect the behavior of share pricesGeneral Business AnalysisFinancial analysis can be used to identify the profit drivers and business  risks in order to assess the profit potential of the firm. It helps in the future growth scenarios of the firm Limitations Of Financial StatementHistorical AnalysisFinancial statement analysis is a historical analysis. I t analysis what has happened till date. It does not reflect the future. Person like shareholders, investors, etc are more interested in knowing the likely position in the future.Ignore Price Level ChangesPrice level changes and purchasing power of money are inversely related. A change in the price level makes analysis of financial statements of different accounting years invalid because accounting records ignore change in the value of moneyQualitative Aspects IgnoredSince the financial statements are confined to the monetary matters alone, the qualitative aspects like the quality of management, quality of labor force, public relations are ignored while carrying out the analysis of financial statementNot Free From BiasIn many situations, the accountant has to make a choice out of alternative available, e.g. choice in the method of inventory valuation or choice in the method of depreciation. Since the subjectively is inherent in personal judgment, the financial statements are, therefo re, not free from biasVariation In Account PracticesFor inter-firm comparison, it is necessary that accounting practices followed by the firms don’t vary significantly. As there may be variations in  accounting practices followed by different firms, a meaningful comparison of their financial statements is not possible Conclusion To Financial Statement This Project has been very useful to me because I learned how to prepare cash flow statements and ratio analysis. This has improved my knowledge on financial statements which is very useful in business and commerce ever day. The work I did in this project has helped me to understand the techniques, applications and usefulness of financial statements to understand the performance of a particular company or enterprise without much difficulty and also understand how to prepare them in future. I came to the following conclusion while preparing this project.Purposes of Financial AnalysisJudging The Earning CapacityOn the basis of the financial analysis, the earning capacity of the business concern may be computed. In addition to this, the future earning capacity of the concern may also be forecasted. All the external users of accounts, specially the investors and potential investors are interested in this.Judging The Managerial EfficiencyThe financial statement analysis helps to pinpoint the areas where in the managers have shown better efficiency and the areas of inefficiency. For example, using financial ratios, it is possible to analyze relative proportion of production, administrative and marketing expenses.Any favorable or unfavorable variations can be identified and reasons thereof can be ascertained to pinpoint managerial efficiency and deficiency Judging The Short-term & Long-term Efficiency Of The Enterprise On the basis of financial analysis, long-term as well as short-term solvency of the concern may be judged.Creditors or suppliers are interested to know the short-term solvency/liquidity of the concern i.e. ability to meet short-term liabilities. Debenture holders and lenders judge the ability of the company to pay the principal amount and interest on the basis of financial analysisInter-Firm ComparisonInter-firm comparison becomes easy with the help of financial analysis. It helps in assessing own performance as well as that of others, if merges and acq uisitions are to be considered. Making Forecasts & Preparing BudgetsPast financial statement analysis helps a great deal in assessing developments in the future, especially the next year. For example, given a certain investment, it may be possible to forecast the next year’s profit on the basis of earning capacity shown in the past. Analysis thus helps in preparing the budgets.UnderstandableFinancial analysis helps the users of the financial statements to understand the complicated matter in simplified manner. Different date can be made more attractive by charts and diagrams which can be easily understood Uses of Financial StatementSecurity AnalysisIt is a process by which the investor comes to know whether the firm is fulfilling hi expectation with regard to payment of dividend, capital appreciation and security of money. Such analysis is done by a security analyst who is interested in cash-generating ability, dividend payout policy and the behavior of share pricesCredit Ana lysisSuch analysis is useful when a firm offers credit to a new customer or a dealer. The manager of the firm would like to know whether to extend credit to them or not. Such analysis is also useful for a bank before granting loan to the public.Debt AnalysisSuch analysis is done by the firm to know the borrowing capacity of a prospective borrower.Dividend DecisionFinancial analysis helps the firm in deciding about the rate of dividend. Management would have to decide about how much portion of earnings to distribute and how much to retain. Such decisions indicate the profitability of the firm and hence to some extent affect the behavior of share pricesGeneral Business AnalysisFinancial analysis can be used to identify the profit drivers and business risks in order to assess the profit potential of the firm. It helps in the future growth scenarios of the firm Limitations Of Financial StatementHistorical AnalysisFinancial statement analysis is a historical analysis. It analysis what ha s happened till date. It does not reflect the future. Person like shareholders, investors, etc are more interested in knowing the likely position in the future.Ignore Price Level ChangesPrice level changes and purchasing power of money are inversely related. A change in the price level makes analysis of financial statements of different accounting years invalid because accounting records ignore change in the value of moneyQualitative Aspects IgnoredSince the financial statements are confined to the monetary matters alone, the qualitative aspects like the quality of management, quality of labor force, public relations are ignored while carrying out the analysis of financial statementNot Free From BiasIn many situations, the accountant has to make a choice out of alternative available, e.g. choice in the method of inventory valuation or choice in the method of depreciation. Since the subjectively is inherent in personal judgment, the financial statements are, therefore, not free from biasVariation In Account PracticesFor inter-firm comparison, it is necessary that accounting practices followed by the firms don’t vary significantly. As there may be variations in  accounting practices followed by different firms, a meaningful comparison of their financial statements is not possible

My Experience About Learning English Essay

I bought a book on interpretation last weekend,was written by æžâ€"è ¶â€¦Ã¤ ¼ ¦who is a chief interpreter work for the Ministry of British Foreign Affairs .the book says how to deal with field interpreting. interpreterï ¼Å¡One who translates orally from one language into another.I’m going to be a excellent interpreter.Being a communication emissary to make people more amicable.which simplify the complicated promblems.consequently,To achieve the purpose of cooperation and shared interests. Hello! Everyone  I’d like to share my experience about learning English with u, and I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. As matter of fact, speaking English is very easy, even chaild can do it ! first of all,u have to know why we should study English.Maybe most people think its unnecessary for them to speak English,now let me enumerate my reasons one by one in the following; In the first place,u know that china has successful enter the WTO is a great event for Chinese people,especially for our young generation. there is no doubt that it is good for our future to speak English. U can make a trip around the world without being understood. In the second place, u know, most valuable books, newspapers and magazines are written in English. The channel of we getting information is limited, so if u wish to get more knowledge, you must learn English. All above, master a language will bring u unexpected achievement. Second, what is english f or? Some people seem to think it’s for practing grammar rules and learning lists of words the longer the words the better.thats wrong,language is for the exchange of ideas, for communation. it’s an essential tool and a very important weapon in our daily life. The way to learn a language is to practise spaeaking it as often as possible. A great man once said it is necessary to drill as much as possible,and the more u apply it in real situations,the more natural it become. Third, cultivating English thought is very important. We all know that we live in a non-English environment so Successful English learning should be active learning, therefore,. successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language.you should look for such a chance..u can find people who speak english and ask these people to correct u when u make a mistakes.don’t be afraid of making mistake.the more mistake u made,the more progress u ‘ll get!when commutation is difficult, u can accept information that is inexact or in complete.it is more important for u to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. of course,u need to learn more about the culture behind the language. When you understand the culturalbackground,you can better use the language.try to think in English whenever possible. When you see something, think of the English word of it;then think about the word in a sentence. Fainally. Interest is the best teacher! Successful language learners are learners with a purpose.thy wanna learn English because u are interested in it and the people who speak it. it’s necessary for u to learn it in order to commucatie with these people and learn from them..we always have much spare time,use a dictionary and grammar guide constanly.keep a small English dictionary with u all the time.when u see a new word,look it up.think about the word—-use it,in ur mind,in a sentence. Here I would like to make three relevant points, first, extensive reading shold be taken as a priority in the learning process,because it is through reading that we get the most language input. next, learning by heart as many as well written essays as possible is also very important. With an enormous stor of excellent assaysin our heads,we will find it much easier to express ourselves in English.finally,it is critical that we should put what we learnt into practice.by doing more reading ,writing, listening and speaking ,we will be able to accomplish the task of perfecting our English. Learning any language takes a lot of effort.but don’t give up.relax!be patient and enjoy yourself.learning forien languages should be fun.†Rome wasn’t built in aday†work harder and practice more,ur hardworking will be rewarded by god one day.God is equal to everyone!

Company Law Liquidation

Brown brothers Brakes LTD has invested large amount in producing a range of products for supermarkets. The company is facing financial difficulties due to unsuccessful. In that situation director fear the company may now be insolvent. The accountant now wants to understand the issues surrounding insolvency. According to Brown Bothers current situation it has been recommended to their director to follow the following issues. Insolvency A company which is insolvent may be put into liquidation sometimes referred to as winding-up. Insolvency means the inability to pay one's debts as they fall due. Insolvency refers to the inability of a company to pay off its debts. Administration This occurs when a company which is in financial difficulty is put into the hands of an administrator. An administrator is appointed as an officer of the court and an agent of the company by qualified Floating Charge Holder and must act in the interests of all the creditors and attempt to rescue the company as a going concern or more often if they can get a better price for assets than immediate liquidation would give. In general it is a process that happens when company face financial difficulties. He will be working for companies interest, in order to pay out companies all creditors they can take any decision such as if it is profitable to keep running the company or sell in profitable price and pay to its creditors. An administrator may be appointed by court order issued from court or qualified charge holder and directors of the company. As soon as an administrator has appointed any pending winding-up petitions will be suspended. Enterprise act 2002 came into force 15th September 2003 section 72/A explain prohibition of appointment of administrative receiver. The law emphasise that qualified floating charge holder appoints administrator rather than receiver. Once an administrator has been appointed must send a notice of his or her appointment to the company and each of its creditors and publish notice of his or her appointment in the Gazette( The Gazette is the official newspaper of record which contains various statutory notices and advertisements, it is published twice weekly and can be obtained from the Edinburg company house) and in a newspaper in the area where the company has its principal place of business. Administration receivership Floating charges registered before 15th September 2003 are governed by Insolvency Act 1986 section 50-70 and Insolvency Scotland rules 1986. Receivers are appointed under the terms of the floating charge. Their task is to ingather assets caught by the floating charge and repay the charge holder. A receiver may be appointed for the various following reasons: * Any event which charge entitles holder to appoint a receiver. * 21 days after demanding payment . * Interest in arrears for 2 months not paid. * Order/resolution to wind up company . * Appointment of a receiver under another floating charge . Duties of the receiver Ascertains assets caught by floating charge and realises them. Receiver pays the preferential debts IA 1986, he also pays the amount due to the charge holder and any balance is returned to company. Within 7 days of the appointment, the person who appoints the receiver must deliver notice to the Registrar of Companies for Scotland and AIB (Accountant in Bankruptcy). When the receiver ceases to act, the holder of the floating charge must deliver notice to the Registrar of Companies for Scotland and AIB within 14 days. Within 3 months of his appointment, the receiver must deliver a report to AIB with copies to the creditors of the company and the holders of a floating charge as well as the any trustees for secured creditors of the company. Liquidation Liquidation is a process when company can't pay debts and liabilities, then A liquidator is appointed either by creditor or the members to wind up the company in order to sell companies assets and pay the creditors. There are two types of liquidation, one is the voluntary liquidation and the other is compulsory liquidation. Voluntary liquidation Voluntary liquidation occurs when the members of the company resolve to voluntarily wind-up the affairs of the company and dissolve. If the company is solvent, and the members have made a statutory declaration of solvency, the liquidation will proceed as a members' voluntary winding-up. This takes place at a General Meeting. Companies Registrar and Gazette must be advised of it. Member Voluntary liquidation A member voluntary liquidation means that the company is solvent and can pay in full a creditors. Which case preferential creditors are paid first, in full if possible then ordinary creditors will be paid if sufficient funds are available. Creditor Voluntary liquidation Creditors voluntary liquidation is most common methods to closing down insolent company. This method is applied when share holders want to wind up a company. Any actions have planned at creditors meeting. As a normal process liquidator is appointed to wind up company and release assets in order to pay creditors balance. At the end company directors lose their power. Compulsory Liquidation Compulsory liquidation of a company is when the company is ordered by a court to be wound up. The Court of Session, or Sheriff Court with the appropriate jurisdiction, may order the winding-up of a company. This may be, for example, on the petition of a creditor or creditors on the grounds that the company cannot pay its debts. It has to be advertised in Gazette. A provisional liquidator may be appointed after petition is presented. After court order interim liquidator is appointed. An official liquidator has appointed after meeting of all creditors and contributors. Then in essence same as for voluntary. Fraudulent ; Wrongful Trading Fraudulent trading is where a company carries on a business with the intention of defrauding creditors or for any fraudulent purposes. Where during the course of a winding-up it appears to the liquidator that fraudulent trading has occurred, the liquidator may apply to the court for an order any persons who were knowingly parties to the carrying on of such business are to be made liable to make such contributions to the company's assets as the court thinks proper. If there is suspect of fraudulent trading following people should informed: * Alert the liquidator if applicable. Reference http://www.companieshouse.gov.uk/about/gbhtml/gpo8s.shtml#ch8

Nephelium lappaceum L. Essay

The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as  source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be  taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an  economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also  proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein  we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as  source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan  (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the  rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be  taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an  economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein  we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as  source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan  (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the  rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.The investigatory project intends to determine if rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seeds can be utilized to a new product. Similarly, the project was designed to utilized the rambutan seeds (wherein we consider seeds as waste after nibbling it) available in the community as source of commercial alternative coffee. The data to be gathered will be taken from experiments, such as the acceptability test of the product (rambuffee) to the consumers. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers had concluded that the rambutan seeds are most potential alternative of coffee beans. It is an economical source of alternative coffee. Thus, the acceptability tests also proved that the rambutan coffee is acceptable by the coffee drinkers and other consumers.